گزارش نهایی طرح جامع بررسی احیا جنگلهای ارس ایران

There are limited conifer species in Iranian natural habitats and juniper is one of them. This species comprise about 1.2 millions hectares of Iranian forests (over of 12 million hectares). Natural Juniper forest habitats were studied in north, south, west and east of Iran during 5 years (1994 -1999). Iranian junipers have two forms contain creeping species (including J. Communis and J. sabina), standing species (including J. foetidissima, J. excelsa) and creeping-standing tree forms (including J. oblonga). All locations were visited and the information about climatology, penology, topography and edaphic conditions collected. According to the natural Juniper forests conditions one or several plots were sampled, 0.5 hectare per plot. An identification card was preformed for each area. Some morphological characteristics of trees (including height, breast diameter, collar diameter, growth rate and height) were measured. Ecological parameters were determined including climatic, topographic and edaphic such as physical and chemical characters of soil (texture, EC and pH). Trees were divided in to some classes based on their diameter. Diameter classes, age-height and age-diameter curves were plotted for Juniper locations per hectare. Based on the results, present conditions of natural Juniper locations were determined. Finally, qualitative characteristics schedule were performed and all of the locations were classified. Moreover during a 4 years period phenological studies were done within 12 Juniper locations. Although all of the Juniper habitats were situated in the mountain regions but it has a wide climatological alteration range. Therefore different Juniper species have different phenomena based on their physiology situations. This study was done on the J. excelsa for 9 locations and for J. oblonga, J. sabina and J. communis were done within 3 locations. The study period contains middle of Mars until December. The maximum amount of annual mean growth rate was related to Rabar from Kerman province and so Layen locations from Khorasan province. This has conformity with the maximum rate of height of the Juniper stands. There was not any significance differences between maximum and minimum growth rate within male and female and so northern and southern directions. Generally the female and male flower appearance time was about middle until end of autumn and the male flowers have a priority in compare with female. The fecundation were observed from end of Mars until end of Jun. The fruit completion time was about 16-18 months. Since Juniper is one of the most important species of the mountain forest of Iran and environmental studies have indicated that natural regeneration of this genus is not enough in most of the habitats. In order to solve this problem, it has been designed a research project about seed germination. At first Juniper seeds were gathered from 5 locations contains Chaharbagh, Kaboudan Island, Sirachal, Chahartaghardal and Kandragh and were sowed in Jan. and Mars under different treatments. Treatments contained water washing, red, Blue and white light, NaOH 2% and Sulfuric acid 50%. Results show that never one of them was effective. The seeds were growth after 16 months and in the next year the Hydrogen peroxide 1% treatment were used. Result includes 11% growth rate in the end of Mars and 23% growth rate in the tow years later. In the fourth years the time of seed gathering were chosen as a treatment and results shows 12% growth rate after one year. Moreover some of the seeds were kept under 2؛-6؛ C at refrigerator without any humidity. At the next year seeds began to grow and results includes more than 80% successful growth rate. Based on the seed-gathering time, the best time was September. As a matter of fact this have a conformity with the natural condition of natural habitats of Juniper within Kabudan Island, Hajiabad, kandragh and .

کلیدواژه ها:

جنگل های ارس ایران ، ارستان حاحی آباد گرگان ، شرایط اقلیمی ، توپوگرافی ، پوشش گیاهی ، ادافیکی ، کرمان (استان) ، منطقه رابر ، خراسان ، منطقه لاین ، سیراچال ، چهارمحال وبختیاری ، هرمزگان منطقه کبودان ، ارس خزنده ، ارس ایستاده ، کندرق ، خلخال