مدیریت تلفیقی آفات و بیماریهای گونه ها و کلن های مختلف صنوبر در استان همدان

Poplar trees are quick in growth, which its have the quick in grow and shorter in priod operation in compared with another forest trees. That trees are provide for wood to consider in out of natural forest. Special poplar pests are a limition of plant and development of poplar trees. Use of resistant poplar clones for poplar pests is the most safe, satble and cheapest ways of control.this way is important in management of poplar pests. In this study, that carried out in 2003-2006 in Hamedan province, components of reistance in different poplar clones belonging to four species include: Populus alba L., P. nigra L., P. deltoides Marsh. and P. x. euramericana Guinier to gall formed aphids (Pemphigus spirotheca Pass., P. vesicalis Pass., P. borealis Tullgr.), borer (Melanophila picta Pall.) and lace bug (Monsteira unicostata (Mulsant & Rey)) as well as natural field Phloeomyzus passerinii Sign. (woolly poplar aphid) infestation and their associated natural enemies were evaluted. In gall formed aphids and borer beetel test, total number of aphids on trees and beetels under clouting net on 10-110 centimeter trunk were recorded. In lace bug test, number of back and on poplar leaf eggs with four leaf on 50-200 crowning trees were recorded. Antixenosis and antibiosis test were carried out in controlled condition of 60-70%RH, 21 1 Celsius and 16:8 L:D photoperiods. The length and diameter of poplar cuts were 20 and 1-1.5 centimeter respectively. In antixenosis test, a single cut of each poplar clones take together with two woolly aphid infested cuts were wrapped with elastics string. After two days, the infested cuts were taken apart and number of aphids on each cut were recorded every two days. In antibiosis test, following establishment of ephemeral nymphes on the cuts, were allowed to reach mature stage. After that, number of first nymphale instar deposited and nymphale mortality rate on each tested cut were recorded daily and along the lifecycle period. Based on these data, life table and stable population parameters on each clones were studied. Seasonal fluctuation of the aphid was evaluted on trunks and branches of the clones in a research poplar nursery. In addition, natural enemies of the pest associated with each clones were collected and their population densities were counted several time during growing season. Important poplar pests in province including: Melanophila pictaPall., Capnodis miliaris miliaris Klug. and aphids group: Phloeomyzus passerinii Sign., Chaitophorus populi L., Chaitophorus populeti (Panz.), Pemphigus spirotheca Pass, P. vesicalis Pass., P. borealis Tullgr., P. bursarius (L.), Lepidosaphes ulmi L., Monsteria unicostata (Mulsant & Rey), Camarotocena sp. and a pest of important Phyllophagus group was Melasoma populi L.. Abtained data on resistance clones to aphids galls formed tests indicated a significant diffrence between tested clones. Aphids were not able to establish on species of P. alba L., P. deltoides Marsh. and P.x. euramericana Guinier. and P. nigra L. clones named 62/167, 62/172, 62/140, 62/149, this poplar clones were compeletly immune to the aphids, While P. nigra clones named 74/1, 47/13, 42/53 was quit susceptible. In borer test, clones named P.alba 58/57, P.deltoides missoriensis, p. nigra 62/172, P. nigra 75/2 and P. x. euramericana 214 were quit susceptible. In lace bug test, P. x. euramericana 214 with 195.04 40.71 means eggs on each leaf were quit susceptible. Woolly poplar aphid number established on P. nigra 56/72 in antixenosis test was higher compare to the other clones, then was quit susceptible. Intrinisic rate of increase (rm) and net reproductive rate (nymphe per female, R0) of the aphid on this susceptible clone were 0.38 and 62/72 respectively. In field conditions, infestations to the aphid was observed from early to late June. Tree trunks and branches on the north as well as south sides had higher infestation than east and west directions. Predator and parasitoid insects associated with the pest, which collected on poplar clones: Exochomus nigrimaculatus Goeze, Chilocorus bipustulatus L., Thaumatomyia elongatula (Becker), Leucopis rajabimazhari n.sp. Pachynerom sp., Chiracanthium sp., Sympherobius pygmeus (Rambur), Orius sp., Anthocoris sp. Investigating aphid, poplar clones and natural enemies interactions, showed a significant linear relationship between aphid infestation intensity and their's natural enemies. An interacion between clones and natural enemies was founded out. Syrphid fly; Sympherobidus pygmus and parasitoid wasp; pachyneron sp. was more abundant on p.nigra 74/1 clone which considered as semi-susceptible clone. The poplar clones of Turkey origin were quite resistant and/or immune to the Woolly poplar aphid and gall formed aphids incidence. As, p.deltoides and p. nigra 62/72, 62/149. 62/140 have shown an optimal growth rate as well as resistance characterisics to the aphids pest.

کلیدواژه ها:

کلن های صنوبر ، مدیریت تلفیقی ، سوسک چوب خوار ، سنک ، شته گال مارپیچی ، شته گال تاج خروسی ، شته گال کوزه ای ، شته مومی ، همدان (استان) ، آنتی زنوز ، آنتی بیوز