Sunil Singhal۱ - ۱Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia
Shuming Nie۲ - ۲Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
May D Wang۳ - ۳Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Ins+tute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia ۳۰۳۳۲

Surgery is currently the most effective and widely used procedure in treating human cancers, and the single most important predictor of patient survival is a complete surgical resection. Major opportunities exist to develop new and innovative technologies that could help the surgeon todelineate tumor margins, to identify residual tumor cells and micrometastases, and to determine if the tumor has been completely removed. Here we discuss recent advances in nanotechnology and optical instrumentation, and how these advances can be integrated for applications in surgicaloncology. A fundamental rationale is that nanometer-sized particles such as quantum dots and colloidal gold have functional and structural properties that are not available from either discrete molecules or bulk materials. When conjugated with targeting ligands such as monoclonalantibodies, peptides, or small molecules, these nanoparticles can be used to target malignant tumor cells and tumor microenvironments with high specificity and affinity. In the “mesoscopic” size range of 10–100 nm, nanopar+cles also have large surface areas for conjuga+ng to mul+plediagnostic and therapeutic agents, opening new possibilities in integrated cancer imaging and therapy.

quantum dots; Raman scattering; molecular probes; intraoperative imaging; cancer;instrumentation