زهرا کریمی - Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
جلیل خارا - Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
قادر حبیبی - Department of Biology, Payame Noor University (PNU), Tehran, Iran.

We examined the combined effects of hydrogen peroxide (H۲O۲) and nitric oxide (NO) on the responses of oilseed rape(Brassica napus L.) plants to salt stress under acclimated and non-acclimated conditions. The results of the shoot and root dry weight traits together with the measurement of malondialdehyde (MDA) indicated that salt acclimation with a low concentration of NaCl (۵۰ mM) could not alleviate the inhibitory effect of high salinity (۲۰۰ mM NaCl). Under acclimated conditions, seed priming with H۲O۲ or NO resulted in effective protection against salt stress, however, maximum amelioration of salt stress was found by the combined treatments of H۲O۲ + NO. Interestingly, in the salt-exposed non-acclimated plants, only seed priming with H۲O۲ + NO was effective in improving salt tolerance. Pretreatment with H۲O۲ + NO tended to limit Na translocation into photosynthetic organs to prevent salt damages. Additionally, a large increase in salicylic acid contentwas correlated with phenylalanine ammonia lyase activation and flavonoid biosynthesis was observed when oilseed rape plants exposed to salinity in the presence of H۲O۲+NO. Interestingly, in this study, endogenous NO content of H۲O۲–primed plants exhibited a significant increase under non-saline conditions, indicating that H۲O۲ influences NO accumulation. In addition, oilseed rape plants primed with H۲O۲ + NO exhibited lower MDA and H۲O۲ content, contributing to the better induction of antioxidative enzyme activities. Higher levels of antioxidant enzyme activities maintained the integrity of cell membranes, resulting in better plant growth under salt stress. Taken together, our results revealed that oilseed rape plants pretreated with H۲O۲ + NO exhibited more effective tolerance to salt stress than plants that were pretreated with H۲O۲ or NO alone.

Combined priming, Flavonoid, Ion homeostasis, Nitric oxide, Oilseed Rape, Salicylic acid, salinity